compiler
In Java, the compiler takes source code and translates it into byte code, which can be executed by the JRE at runtime.
concurrent
Happening at the same time.
CVS
Concurrent Version System. A versioning system that is widely considered outdated in favor of SVN or Git. Commits require connectivity to the server where the possibly shared code repository is hosted. Commits are specific to individual files, so it makes seeing related changes difficult.